Topics by Science. Science on the Moon: The Wailing Wall of Space. Exploration. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)Wilson, Thomas. Science on and from the Moon has important implications for expanding human knowledge and understanding, a prospect for the 2. Century that has been under discussion for at least the past 2. That having been said, however, there remain many issues of international versus national priorities, strategy, economy, and politics that come into play. ![]() ![]() The result is a very complex form of human behavior where science and exploration take center stage, but many other important human options are sacrificed. To renew this dialogue about the Moon, it seems we are already rushing pell- mell into it as has been done in the past. The U. S., Japan, China, India, and Russia either have sent or plan to send satellites and robotic landers there at this time. What does a return to the Moon mean, why are we doing this now, who should pay for it, and how? The only semblance of such a human enterprise seems to be the LHC currently coming online at CERN. Can it be used as a model of international collaboration rather than a sports or military event focused on national competition? Who decides and what is the human sacrifice? There are compelling arguments for establishing science on the Moon as one of the primary goals for returning to the Moon and venturing beyond. A number of science endeavors will be summarized, beyond lunar and planetary science per se. These include fundamental physics experiments that are background- limited by the Earth's magnetic dipole moment and noise produced by its atmosphere and seismic interior. The Moon is an excellent platform for some forms of astronomy. Other candidate Moon- based experiments vary from neutrino and gravitational wave astronomy, particle astrophysics, and cosmic- ray calorimeters, to space physics and fundamental physics such as proton decay. The list goes on and includes placing humans in a hostile environment to study the long- term effects of space weather. The list is long, and even newer ideas will come from this COSPAR[From the flight of Iu. A. Gagarin to the contemporary piloted space flights and exploration missions]. Pub. Med. Grigor'ev, A I; Potapov, A N2. The first human flight to space made by Yu. A. Gagarin on April 1. Low-Budget Password Strength Estimation. Contribute to zxcvbn development by creating an account on GitHub. · Eigenvalues Of Matrices Revised Edition Shivan Eigenvalues Of Matrices Revised Edition (foreign. By: David McMahon Abstract. The methods used for choosing the matrices representing the aperture codes are discussed, and computer simulations of the effects of noise are described. Gagarin's flight had been prefaced by long and purposeful biomedical researches with the use of diverse bio- objects flown aboard rockets and artificial satellites. Data of these researches drove to the conclusion on the possibility in principle for humans to fly to space. After a series of early flights and improvements in the medical support system space missions to the Salyut and Mir station gradually extended to record durations. The foundations of this extension were laid by systemic researches in the fields of space biomedicine and allied sciences. The current ISS system of crew medical care has been successful in maintaining health and performance of cosmonauts as well as in providing the conditions for implementation of flight duties and operations with a broad variety of payloads. The ISS abounds in opportunities of realistic trial of concepts and technologies in preparation for crewed exploration missions. At the same, ground- based simulation of a mission to Mars is a venue for realization of scientific and technological experiments in space biomedicine. Modeling and Simulation for Multi- Missions Space. Exploration Vehicle. NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)Chang, Max. Asteroids and Near- Earth Objects [NEOs] are of great interest for future space missions. The Multi- Mission Space. · Gender Inequity Norms Are Associated with Increased Male-Perpetrated Rape and Sexual Risks for HIV Infection in Botswana and Swaziland. PubMed Central. Shannon, Kate.Exploration Vehicle [MMSEV] is being considered for future Near Earth Object missions and requires detailed planning and study of its Guidance, Navigation, and Control [GNC]. A possible mission of the MMSEV to a NEO would be to navigate the spacecraft to a stationary orbit with respect to the rotating asteroid and proceed to anchor into the surface of the asteroid with robotic arms. The Dynamics and Real- Time Simulation [DARTS] laboratory develops reusable models and simulations for the design and analysis of missions. In this paper, the development of guidance and anchoring models are presented together with their role in achieving mission objectives and relationships to other parts of the simulation. One important aspect of guidance is in developing methods to represent the evolution of kinematic frames related to the tasks to be achieved by the spacecraft and its robot arms. In this paper, we compare various types of mathematical interpolation methods for position and quaternion frames. Subsequent work will be on analyzing the spacecraft guidance system with different movements of the arms. With the analyzed data, the guidance system can be adjusted to minimize the errors in performing precision maneuvers. Launch and Assembly Reliability Analysis for Human Space. Exploration Missions. NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)Cates, Grant; Gelito, Justin; Stromgren, Chel; Cirillo, William; Goodliff, Kandyce. NASA's future human spaceexploration strategy includes single and multi- launch missions to various destinations including cis- lunar space, near Earth objects such as asteroids, and ultimately Mars. Each campaign is being defined by Design Reference Missions (DRMs). Many of these missions are complex, requiring multiple launches and assembly of vehicles in orbit. Certain missions also have constrained departure windows to the destination. These factors raise concerns regarding the reliability of launching and assembling all required elements in time to support planned departure. This paper describes an integrated methodology for analyzing launch and assembly reliability in any single DRM or set of DRMs starting with flight hardware manufacturing and ending with final departure to the destination. A discrete event simulation is built for each DRM that includes the pertinent risk factors including, but not limited to: manufacturing completion; ground transportation; ground processing; launch countdown; ascent; rendezvous and docking, assembly, and orbital operations leading up to trans- destination- injection. Each reliability factor can be selectively activated or deactivated so that the most critical risk factors can be identified. This enables NASA to prioritize mitigation actions so as to improve mission success. Exploring the chemical space of quorum sensing peptides. Pub. Med. Wynendaele, Evelien; Gevaert, Bert; Stalmans, Sofie; Verbeke, Frederick; De Spiegeleer, Bart. Quorum sensing peptides are signalling molecules that are produced by mainly gram- positive bacteria. These peptides can exert different effects, ranging from intra- and interspecies bacterial virulence to bacterial- host interactions. To better comprehend these functional differences, we explored their chemical space, bacterial species distribution and receptor- binding properties using multivariate data analyses, with information obtained from the Quorumpeps database. The quorum sensing peptides can be categorized into three main clusters, which, in turn, can be divided into several subclusters: the classification is based on characteristic chemical properties, including peptide size/compactness, hydrophilicity/lipophilicity, cyclization and the presence of (unnatural) S- containing and aromatic amino acids. Most of the bacterial species synthesize peptides located into one cluster. However, some Streptococcus, Stapylococcus, Clostridium, Bacillus and Lactobacillus species produce peptides that are distributed over more than one cluster, with the quorum sensing peptides of Bacillus subtilis even occupying the total peptide space. The Agr. C, Fsr. C and Lam. C receptors are only activated by cyclic (thio)lacton or lactam quorum sensing peptides, while the lipophilic isoprenyl- modified peptides solely bind the Com. P receptor in Bacillus species. Space. Exploration: A Risk for Neural Stem Cells. NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)Encinas, Juan M.; Vazquez, Marcelo E.; Switzer, Robert C.; Chamberland, Dennis W.; Nick, Harry; Levine, Howard G.; Scarpa, Philip J.; Enikolopov, Grigori; Steindler, Dennis A. During spaceflights beyond low Earth orbit, astronauts are exposed to potentially carcinogenic and tissue damaging galactic cosmic rays, solar proton events, and secondary radiation that includes neutrons and recoil nuclei produced by nuclear reactions in spacecraft walls or in tissue (1). Topics by Science. Snowpack monitoring in North America and Eurasia using passive microwave satellite data. NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)Foster, J. L.; Rango, A.; Hall, D. K.; Chang, A. T. C.; Allison, L. J.; Diesen, B. C., III1. Areas of the Canadian high plains, the Montana and North Dakota high plains, and the steppes of central Russia have been studied in an effort to determine the utility of spaceborne microwave radiometers for monitoring snow depths in different geographic areas. Significant regression relationships between snow depth and microwave brightness temperatures were developed for each of these homogeneous areas. In each of the study areas investigated in this paper, Nimbus- 6 (0. ESMR data produced higher correlations than Nimbus- 5 (1. ESMR data in relating microwave brightness temperature to snow depth. It is difficult to extrapolate relationships between microwave brightness temperature and snow depth from one area to another because different geographic areas are likely to have different snowpack conditions. A High- Resolution Sensor Network for Monitoring Glacier Dynamics. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)Edwards, S.; Murray, T.; O'Farrell, T.; Rutt, I. C.; Loskot, P.; Martin, I.; Selmes, N.; Aspey, R.; James, T.; Bevan, S. L.; Baugé, T. 2. 01. Changes in Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets due to ice flow/ice- berg calving are a major uncertainty affecting sea- level rise forecasts. Latterly GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) have been employed extensively to monitor such glacier dynamics. Until recently however, the favoured methodology has been to deploy sensors onto the glacier surface, collect data for a period of time, then retrieve and download the sensors. This approach works well in less dynamic environments where the risk of sensor loss is low. In more extreme environments e. In order to provide glaciologists with new insights into flow dynamics and calving processes we have developed a novel sensor network to increase the robustness of data capture. We present details of the technological requirements for an in- situ Zigbee wireless streaming network infrastructure supporting instantaneous data acquisition from high resolution GNSS sensors thereby increasing data capture robustness. The data obtained offers new opportunities to investigate the interdependence of mass flow, uplift, velocity and geometry and the network architecture has been specifically designed for deployment by helicopter close to the calving front to yield unprecedented detailed information. Following successful field trials of a pilot three node network during 2. Helheim glacier, south- east Greenland over the summer months of 2. The utilisation of dual wireless transceivers in each glacier node, multiple frequencies and four '; collector' stations located on the valley sides creates overlapping networks providing enhanced capacity, diversity and redundancy of data 'back- haul', even close to '; floor' RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) levels around - 1. Bm. Data loss through radio packet collisions within sub- networks are avoided through the. National Stream Quality Accounting Network and National Monitoring. Network Basin Boundary Geospatial Dataset, 2. USGS Publications Warehouse. Baker, Nancy T. 2. This report and the accompanying geospatial data were created to assist in analysis and interpretation of water- quality data provided by the U. S. Geological Survey's National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) and by the U. S. Coastal Waters and Tributaries National Monitoring. Network (NMN), which is a cooperative monitoring program of Federal, regional, and State agencies. The report describes the methods used to develop the geospatial data, which was primarily derived from the National Watershed Boundary Dataset. The geospatial data contains polygon shapefiles of basin boundaries for 3. NASQAN and 5 NMN streamflow and water- quality monitoring stations. In addition, 3. 0 polygon shapefiles of the closed and noncontributing basins contained within the NASQAN or NMN boundaries are included. Also included is a point shapefile of the NASQAN and NMN monitoring stations and associated basin and station attributes. Geospatial data for basin delineations, associated closed and noncontributing basins, and monitoring station locations are available at http: //water. GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds. Spatio- temporal statistical models for river monitoringnetworks. Pub. Med. Clement, L; Thas, O; Vanrolleghem, P A; Ottoy, J P2. When introducing new wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), investors and policy makers often want to know if there indeed is a beneficial effect of the installation of a WWTP on the river water quality. Such an effect can be established in time as well as in space. Since both temporal and spatial components affect the output of a monitoringnetwork, their dependence structure has to be modelled. River water quality data typically come from a river monitoringnetwork for which the spatial dependence structure is unidirectional. Thus the traditional spatio- temporal models are not appropriate, as they cannot take advantage of this directional information. In this paper, a state- space model is presented in which the spatial dependence of the state variable is represented by a directed acyclic graph, and the temporal dependence by a first- order autoregressive process. The state- space model is extended with a linear model for the mean to estimate the effect of the activation of a WWTP on the dissolved oxygen concentration downstream. An entropy method for floodplain monitoringnetwork design. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)Ridolfi, E.; Yan, K.; Alfonso, L.; Di Baldassarre, G.; Napolitano, F.; Russo, F.; Bates, Paul D. In recent years an increasing number of flood- related fatalities has highlighted the necessity of improving flood risk management to reduce human and economic losses. In this framework, monitoring of flood- prone areas is a key factor for building a resilient environment. In this paper a method for designing a floodplain monitoringnetwork is presented. A redundant network of cheap wireless sensors (Grid. Stix) measuring water depth is considered over a reach of the River Dee (UK), with sensors placed both in the channel and in the floodplain. Through a Three Objective Optimization Problem (TOOP) the best layouts of sensors are evaluated, minimizing their redundancy, maximizing their joint information content and maximizing the accuracy of the observations. A simple raster- based inundation model (LISFLOOD- FP) is used to generate a synthetic Grid. Stix data set of water stages. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) that is used for hydraulic model building is the globally and freely available SRTM DEM. Passivemonitoring of Mt. Etna and Mt. Yasur to probe the upper atmosphere. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)Assink, J. D.; Le Pichon, A.; Blanc, E. We present two case studies in which the influence of atmospheric dynamics on infrasound propagation is studied. We make use of a volcanic infrasound data set that has been recorded at infrasound arrays in the vicinity of Mount Etna, Italy (3. N). In addition, we revisit the Mt. Yasur (2. 2 S) dataset. Respectively, over 6 and 1. European Centre for Medium- Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric databases. Long- term detail comparisons such as presented in this study have been unprecedented and are useful for atmospheric modeling and infrasound propagation studies. While a first- order agreement is found, we report on significant discrepancies around the equinox period and during intervals during which anomalous detections occur during the winter, such as during Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs). We present an inversion study in which we make use of measured trace velocity estimates to predict effective sound speed model updates in a Bayesian framework. Such estimates will be compared to independent wind and temperature measurements that are available through the Atmospheric dynamics Research Infra. Structure in Europe (ARISE) network. Improvements in pollutant monitoring: optimizing silicone for co- deployment with polyethylene passive sampling devices. Pub. Med. O'Connell, Steven G; Mc. Cartney, Melissa A; Paulik, L Blair; Allan, Sarah E; Tidwell, Lane G; Wilson, Glenn; Anderson, Kim A2. Sequestering semi- polar compounds can be difficult with low- density polyethylene (LDPE), but those pollutants may be more efficiently absorbed using silicone.
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